Wildlife Value
Very important browse in many areas for snowshoe hare, deer, and elk. Fallen leaves are avidly taken by deer in fall and early winter. Important food and building material for beaver. Grouse depend on buds for winter food. Native to North America.
| Growth form | ovoid to columnar |
| Crown density | open |
| Size | 35 to 50' high 20 to 35' spread |
| Drought resistance |
poor |
| Cold hardiness | excellent |
| Growth rate | rapid |
| Life span | moderate |
| Elevation range |
to 11,000 feet |
| Soil conditions |
moist |
| Possible insect problems |
poplar borer, scale, tent caterpillar, twig gall fly |
| Possible disease problems |
cytospora canker, leaf spot |
| Wildlife value | high: buds and catkins for food value for grouse and browsers |
| Seasonal color | yellow fall color |
| Miscellany | native |